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(Eng) The ideal of loyalty_Lee Sang-juk ๐Ÿ‚

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by ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐š๐๐’๐ข๐ซ๐ข๐ฎ๐ฌ_๐–๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐Ÿ‚ 2023. 4. 13. 17:39

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The ideal of loyalty_Lee Sang-juk

 

 

The ideal of loyalty_Lee Sang-juk.

 

YouTube_The ideal of loyalty_Lee Sang-juk

 

One truly knows who their true friend is when faced with difficult circumstances.

 

During his exile in Jeju Island, Gim Jeong-hui (1786-1856), also known as one of the most celebrated practitioners of calligraphy, epigraphists, and scholars of Korea's later Joseon period, completes his masterpiece 'Sehandoh' while struggling with solitude.

 

The subject of this painting, which depicts a small house nestled among six pine and cedar trees in the midst of winter, is the ideal of loyalty personified by translator Lee Sang-juk.

 

The blue pine tree in the painting symbolizes Lee Sang-juk's unwavering loyalty towards his teacher, even in a fickle world full of slander.

 

Upon finishing the painting, Chusa, Gim Jeong-hui's penname, stamps his cherished seal on the lower right corner, which reads '้•ทๆฏ‹็›ธๅฟ˜Jangmumangsang', meaning 'I will not forget you for a long time', expressing his heartfelt sentiment.

 

Although human hearts are often swayed by power and profit, pursuing only worldly interests, you exert your energy and strength to cross the sea and give your heart to me, even though I am haggard and emaciated, neglecting power and gain.

 

While Chusa lives in seclusion due to the whirlwind of politics, Lee Sang-juk hands his master 120 volumes of books, including 79 volumes of Chinese classics, brushes, ink, and paper gained from his friends in China.

 

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์ถ”์‚ฌ ๊น€์ •ํฌ, ์˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ‘œ์ƒ ์ด์ƒ์ ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค.

 

โ€‹์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ง€๊ฒฝ์— ์ฒ˜ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๋‹ค.

 

โ€‹์ถ”์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋…๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋˜ ์ œ์ฃผ๋„ ์œ ๋ฐฐ ์ƒํ™œ ๋„์ค‘ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ฑธ์ž‘ ์„ธํ•œ๋„ๆญฒๅฏ’ๅœ–๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

โ€‹ํ•œ ๊ฒจ์šธ์— ์†Œ๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ ์žฃ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๋Œ€์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘ ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด์ƒ์ ๏งกๅฐ™้ฉ์ด๋‹ค.

 

๊ทธ๋ฆผ ์† ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ์—ผ๋Ÿ‰์„ธํƒœ๊ฐ€ ํŒ์น˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์ œ์˜ ์ •์„ ์žƒ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

โ€‹์ถ”์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ํ•˜๋‹จ์— ์•„๋ผ๋˜ ์žฅ๋ฌด์ƒ๋ง้•ทๆฏ‹็›ธๅฟ˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ•œ์žฅ้–‘็ซ ์„ ์ฐ๋Š”๋‹ค.

 

โ€‹์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์žŠ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์ƒˆ๊ธด๋‹ค.

 

โ€‹"์„ธ์ƒ ์ธ์‹ฌ์€ ๋„๋„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ค์ง ๊ถŒ์„ธ์™€ ์ด์ต๋งŒ์„ ์ซ“๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋งˆ์Œ๊ณผ ํž˜์„ ํ—ˆ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ถŒ์„ธ์™€ ์ด์ต์— ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๋‘์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ด๋‚ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ ์ดˆ์ทŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ์œˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค."

 

โ€‹์ด์ƒ์ ์€ ์Šค์Šน์ด ์ •์น˜์˜ ํšŒ์˜ค๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ํœฉ์“ธ๋ ค ๊ท€์–‘์‚ด์ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ•œ ์„œ์ฑ… ์ด 120๊ถŒ, 79์ฑ…๊ณผ ๋ฒผ๋ฃจ, ๋ถ“, ์ข…์ด๋ฅผ ์ „ํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

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์˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐจ์› ๋†’์€ ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋นš์ด๋‹ค.

 

ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด ์—ด์„ ๋ฒ ํ’€๊ณ , ์—ด์„ ๋ฒ ํ’€์–ด๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์ด๋‹ค.

 

1776.4.27. ์ •์กฐ ์ฆ‰์œ„. ๊ทœ์žฅ๊ฐ ์ค€๊ณต.

 

ํ™๊ตญ์˜, ์Šน์ •์› ๋„์Šน์ง€. ํšจ์žฅ ์„ธ์ž, ์ง„์ข…(็œžๅฎ—) ์ถ”์กด.

 

1778(์ •์กฐ 2๋…„). ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ํ™๋ด‰ํ•œ(๋…ธ๋ก  ๋ฒฝํŒŒ) ์น˜์ฃ„. ํ™๊ตญ์˜, ๋ˆ„์ด๋™์ƒ ํ›„๊ถ(์›๋นˆ ํ™์”จ) ์ž…๊ถ.

1777(์ •์กฐ 1๋…„). ์ •์กฐ์•”์‚ด ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๊ฑด(๋…ธ๋ก  ๋ฒฝํŒŒ ํ™์ƒ๋ฒ”). ์€์ „๊ตฐ(์‚ฌ๋„์„ธ์ž·ํ›„๊ถ ๋ฐ•์”จ), ์‚ฌ์‚ฌ.

 

1779(์ •์กฐ 3๋…„). ํ™๊ตญ์˜, ์‹ค๊ฐ. ์›๋นˆ ํ™์”จ ์‚ฌ๋ง.

1781(์ •์กฐ5๋…„). ํ™๊ตญ์˜, ์‚ฌ๋ง.

1782๋…„(์ •์กฐ 6๋…„). ์™ธ๊ทœ์žฅ๊ฐ.

 

1784(์ •์กฐ 8๋…„). ๊น€ํ™๋„, ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋„ ์•ˆ๋™ ์•ˆ๊ธฐ์ฐฐ๋ฐฉ(์ข…6ํ’ˆ).โ€‹

๊น€ํ™๋„ ์Šค์Šน, ๊ฐ•์„ธํ™ฉ(1713-1791:๋‚จ์ธ) ๋ถ๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌํ–‰(์ฒญ ๊ฑด๋ฅญ์ œ ์ฒœ์ˆ˜์—ฐ).โ€‹โ€‹

 

๊น€์ •ํฌ(ไน™ไบฅ:1786-1856).

 

1๋‹จ๊ณ„(1786-1809), ์ˆ˜์—…๊ธฐ.

2๋‹จ๊ณ„(1810-1819), ํ•™์˜ˆ ์—ฐ์ฐฌ๊ธฐ.

3๋‹จ๊ณ„(1820-1840), ์ค‘๋…„ ํ™œ๋™๊ธฐ.

4๋‹จ๊ณ„(1841-1848), ์œ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ.

5๋‹จ๊ณ„(1849-1856), ๋งŒ๋…„๊ธฐ.โ€‹

 

1788(์ •์กฐ 12๋…„). ์ฑ„์ œ๊ณต(๋‚จ์ธ ์˜์ˆ˜), ๋“ฑ์šฉ. ์žฅ์šฉ์˜ ์„ค์น˜.

1790(์ •์กฐ 14๋…„). <๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋„๋ณดํ†ต์ง€>.

1791(์ •์กฐ 15๋…„). ์‹ ํ•ดํ†ต๊ณต. ๊ธˆ๋ž€์ „๊ถŒ ํ์ง€. ์ง„๊ฒฝ์‹œ๋Œ€.

1789๋…„(์ •์กฐ 13๋…„). ๊น€ํ™๋„, ์ผ๋ณธ ์“ฐ์‹œ๋งˆ ์„ฌ ์ •ํƒ.

 

1791๋…„(์ •์กฐ 15๋…„).

 

์ •์กฐ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋จธ๋ฌธ ์„œํ–ฅ๊ฐ(๊ทœ์žฅ๊ฐ ๋ถ€์† ์„œ๊ณ )์—์„œ ์œค๋™์„ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด์ง„(ๅพก็œž)์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ •์กฐ๋Š” ์œค๋™์„ฌ์˜ ํ•„๋ ฅ์„ ์นญ์†กํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์žฅ๊ฐ 1์ธต์€ ๊ฐ์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  2์ธต์— ์–ด์ง„์„ ๋ชจ์‹ ๋‹ค. ์œค๋™์„ฌ(ๅฐนๆฑๆšน:1710-1795)์€ ์†Œ๋ก  ์˜์ˆ˜ ์œค์ฆ(ๅฐนๆ‹ฏ:1629-1714)์˜ 6์ดŒ ๋™์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ์˜ˆ์™€ ๊ธˆ์„๋ฌธ์— ์กฐ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ๋‹ค. ์œค๋™์„ฌ์€ ๋Œ€์‚ฌํ—Œ, ์ด์กฐํŒ์„œ, ๊ณต์กฐํŒ์„œ๋ฅผ ์—ญ์ž„ํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

1792๋…„(์ •์กฐ 16๋…„). ๋ฌธ์ฒด๋ฐ˜์ •. ์„œํ•™๊ธˆ๋‹จ.

โ€‹1794(์ •์กฐ 18๋…„).

 

์ผ๋ณธ ์—๋„์‹œ๋Œ€, ๋ชฉํŒํ™” ์œ ์นด์š”์— ํ™”๊ฐ€ 'ํ† ์Šˆ์‚ฌ์ด ์ƒค๋ผ์ฟ '๋Š” ์™•์„ฑํ•œ ํ™œ๋™(10๊ฐœ์›”)ํ›„ ์ž ์ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊น€ํ™๋„๋ผ๋Š” ์„ค์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋„ํ™”์„œ ์ถœ์‹  ์กฐ์„  ์ŠคํŒŒ์ด์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค.

 

1795(์ •์กฐ 19๋…„). ํ˜œ๊ฒฝ๊ถ ํ™์”จ, 'ํ•œ์ค‘๋ก' ์ง‘ํ•„.

1796๋…„(์ •์กฐ 20๋…„), 'ํ™”์„ฑ(์ˆ˜์›์„ฑ)' ์™„์„ฑ.

1799๋…„(์ •์กฐ 24๋…„). <ํ™์žฌ์ „์„œ>.

1800(์ •์กฐ 24๋…„). 6. 28.

๊น€์ •ํฌ(ๅฐๆš‘:15์„ธ), ์Šค์Šน ๋ฐ•์ œ๊ฐ€์™€ ์กฐ์šฐ.โ€‹

 

์ •์กฐ๋Š” ๋ถ€์Šค๋Ÿผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํƒ•์•ฝ์„ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค. ํƒ•์•ฝ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋Ÿ‰ ๋…๊ทน๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธ‰์†ํžˆ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. ์ฐฝ๊ฒฝ๊ถ ์˜์ถ˜๊ถ์—์„œ ์ •์กฐ์˜ ๋ถ•์–ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์˜์กฐ์˜ ๊ณ„๋น„ ์ •์ˆœ์™•ํ›„์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒญ ํ™ฉ์‹คๅ˜‰ๆ…ถๅธ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋…์‚ด์— ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ •์กฐ์˜ ์‹คํ•™์ž(์œ ํ•™ํŒŒ)์™€ ๋„ํ™”์„œ ํ™”์›์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ฒญ·์ผ ์ฒฉ๋ณดํ™œ๋™์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ •์กฐ์˜ ๊ฟˆ, ์˜์›ํ•œ ์ œ๊ตญ์€ ๋ฌด์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค

 

๋…ธ๋ก (์œจ๊ณกํ•™ํŒŒ). ์‹œํŒŒ, ๋ฒฝํŒŒ, ํƒ•ํ‰ํŒŒ.

๋‚จ์ธ(ํ‡ด๊ณ„ํ•™ํŒŒ). ์„œํ•™ํŒŒ(ไฟก่ฅฟๆดพ), ํƒ•ํ‰ํŒŒ, ๋ฐ˜์„œํ•™ ํƒ•ํ‰ํŒŒ(ๆ”ป่ฅฟๆดพ).

๋ฒฝํŒŒ. ๊น€์ƒ๋กœ, ๊น€ํ•œ๊ตฌ, ํ™๊ณ„ํฌ, ์‹ฌํ™˜์ง€, ๊น€์ข…์ˆ˜, ๊น€๊ท€์ฃผ, ๊น€ํ•œ๋ก, ํ™์ƒ๋ฒ”, ํ™๊ณ„๋Šฅ, ๊น€๊ด€์ฃผ.

์‹œํŒŒ. ํ™๊ตญ์˜, ํ™๋ด‰ํ•œ, ์œคํ–‰์ž„, ์œ ์–ธํ˜ธ, ์ •๋ฏผ์‹œ.

๋‚จ์ธ. ์ฑ„์ œ๊ณต, ๊น€์น˜์ธ, ์ด๊ฐ€ํ™˜, ์ •์•ฝ์šฉ, ์ด์Šนํ›ˆ.

์„œํ•™ํŒŒ(์‹ ์„œํŒŒ). ์ด์Šนํ›ˆ, ์ •์•ฝ์ข…, ์œค์ง€์ถฉ, ๊ถŒ์ฒ ์‹ , ์ •์•ฝ์šฉ, ์œคํ–‰์ž„, ํ™ฉ์‚ฌ์˜.

๋ฐ˜์„œํ•™ ํƒ•ํ‰ํŒŒ(๊ณต์„œํŒŒ). ํ™์˜ํ˜ธ, ์ด๊ธฐ๊ฒฝ, ๋ชฉ๋งŒ์ค‘, ํ™๋‚™์•ˆ.

ํƒ•ํ‰ํŒŒ. ์ฑ„์ œ๊ณต, ๊น€์ข…์ˆ˜, ์ด๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰, ์ •์•ฝ์šฉ, ์ด์ต์šด.

 

1801(์ˆœ์กฐ 1๋…„). ์‹ฌํ™˜์ง€(๋…ธ๋ก  ๋ฒฝํŒŒ), ๋‚จ์ธ ์ˆ™์ฒญ๊ณผ ์‹ ์œ ๋ฐ•ํ•ด. ์€์–ธ๊ตฐ(์‚ฌ๋„์„ธ์ž·์ˆ™๋นˆ ์ž„์”จ) ์‚ฌ์‚ฌ.

์Šค์Šน ๋ฐ•์ œ๊ฐ€, ํ•จ๊ฒฝ๋„ ์ข…์„ฑ ์œ ๋ฐฐ.โ€‹

 

1802(์ˆœ์กฐ 2๋…„). ๋…ธ๋ก ๋ฒฝํŒŒ·์ •์ˆœ์™•ํ›„(๊ฒฝ์ฃผ ๊น€์”จ).

1805(์ˆœ์กฐ 5๋…„). ์ •์ˆœ ์™•ํ›„ ์‚ฌ๋ง. ๋…ธ๋ก ์‹œํŒŒ·์•ˆ๋™๊น€์”จ(๊น€์กฐ์ˆœ) ์„ธ๋„์ •์น˜.

์Šค์Šน ๋ฐ•์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ง.

 

1809(่™•ๆš‘:24์„ธ), ๊น€์ •ํฌ(๋…ธ๋ก ) ์‚ฌ๋งˆ์‹œ ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉ. ็ˆถ ๊น€๋…ธ๊ฒฝ(ํ˜ธ์กฐ์ฐธํŒ)๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฝ ๋™ํ–‰.โ€‹

1815(์ˆœ์กฐ 15๋…„). ํ—ค๊ฒฝ๊ถ ํ™์”จ ์‚ฌ๋ง.

๊น€์ •ํฌ(ๅฏ’้œฒ:30์„ธ), ์ดˆ์˜์„ ์‚ฌ์™€ ์กฐ์šฐ.

 

1816(31์„ธ), ๊น€์ •ํฌ ๋ถํ•œ์‚ฐ ์ง„ํฅ์™• ์ˆœ์ˆ˜๋น„ ๊ณ ์ฆ.

1818(้œœ้™:33์„ธ), ๊น€์ •ํฌ ๊ฐ€์•ผ์‚ฐ ํ•ด์ธ์‚ฌ ์ค‘๊ฑด ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰๋ฌธ.

 

1819(34์„ธ), ๊น€์ •ํฌ ๋Œ€๊ณผ ๊ธ‰์ œ. ์ถ”์‚ฌ์ฒด ์‹œ์ž‘.โ€‹

1820(์ˆœ์กฐ 20๋…„), ํฅ์„ ๋Œ€์›๊ตฐ ์ถœ์ƒ(-1898).

1821(์ˆœ์กฐ 21๋…„). ์ฝœ๋ ˆ๋ผ.

 

1823(ๅฐ้›ช:38์„ธ), ๊น€์ •ํฌ ๊ทœ์žฅ๊ฐ ๋Œ€๊ต.

1826(ๅคง้›ช:41์„ธ), ๊น€์ •ํฌ ์ถฉ์ฒญ๋„ ์•”ํ–‰์–ด์‚ฌ. ์•ˆ๋™๊น€์”จ ๊น€์šฐ๋ช… ํŒŒ์ง์‹œ์ผœ ์›ํ•œ ์ดˆ๋ž˜.โ€‹

1827(์ˆœ์กฐ 27๋…„). ํ—Œ์ข… ์ถœ์ƒ.

๊น€์ •ํฌ(42์„ธ), ์˜ˆ์กฐ์ฐธ์˜.

 

1830(ๅฐๅฏ’:45์„ธ), ๊น€์ •ํฌ ๋™๋ถ€์Šน์ง€.

1833(ๅคงๅฏ’:48์„ธ), ๊น€์ •ํฌ ็ˆถ ๊น€๋…ธ๊ฒฝ(ํ‰์•ˆ๊ฐ์‚ฌ) ๊น€์šฐ๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ํƒ„ํ•ต(์™„๋„ ์œ ๋ฐฐ).โ€‹

1834. ํ—Œ์ข…(-1849).

 

1837(๏งทๆ˜ฅ:52์„ธ), ๊น€์ •ํฌ ็ˆถ ๊น€๋…ธ๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌ๋ง.

1840(้ฉš่Ÿ„:55์„ธ), ๊น€์ •ํฌ(๋ณ‘์กฐ์ฐธํŒ) ์ œ์ฃผ๋„ ์œ ๋ฐฐ(-1848).

1844(ๆ˜ฅๅˆ†:59์„ธ), ๊น€์ •ํฌ '์„ธํ•œ๋„' ์ œ์ž‘.โ€‹

 

1849. ์ฒ ์ข…(-1863).

1851(๏งทๅค:66์„ธ), ๊น€์ •ํฌ ๋ถ์ฒญ ์œ ๋ฐฐ(-1852).

1856(่Š’็จฎ:71์„ธ), ๊น€์ •ํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ง.โ€‹

 

1864(๊ณ ์ข… 1๋…„), ํฅ์„ ๋Œ€์›๊ตฐ•ํ•จ์œ ์ •์น˜.โ€‹

 

ํฅ์„ ๋Œ€์›๊ตฐ์€ ์ •๋งŒ์ธ๊ณผ ๊น€์ขŒ๊ทผ์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ ๋•์‚ฐ ๊ฐ€์•ผ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ช…๋‹นํ„ฐ์— ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ์ด๊ตฌ(๋‚จ์—ฐ๊ตฐ)์˜ ๋ฌ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

1868(๊ณ ์ข… 5๋…„), ์˜คํŽ˜๋ฅดํŠธ ๋„๊ตด์‚ฌ๊ฑด(๋‚จ์—ฐ๊ตฐ ๋ฌ˜์˜ ์ •๊ธฐ ํ›ผ์†: ๋Œ€์›๊ตฐ ๋ชฐ๋ฝ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ ).

 

๋‚จ์—ฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ฌ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค€ ํ’์ˆ˜์ง€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ •๋งŒ์ธ์€ ๊ด€์ƒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ•์ƒ์˜์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์›๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ณ์„ ๋– ๋‚œ๋‹ค.

 

ํฅ์„ ๋Œ€์›๊ตฐ์—๊ฒŒ 2๋Œ€ ์ฒœ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚  ์ž๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋‚˜ ์ฒœํ•˜ ์ œ์ผ์˜ ๋ช…๋‹นํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ˆจ๊ธด๋‹ค.

 

1871(๊ณ ์ข… 8๋…„), ๋ณด๋•์‚ฌ ์ฐฝ๊ฑด(ํฅ์„ ๋Œ€์›๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์•ผ์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉํ™”์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณด์ƒ).

1873(๊ณ ์ข… 10๋…„), ๋Œ€์›๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฐฝ๋•๊ถ ์ „์šฉ๋ฌธ ํ์‡„ไธ‹้‡Ž.

 

 

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