์ƒ์„ธ ์ปจํ…์ธ 

๋ณธ๋ฌธ ์ œ๋ชฉ

(Eng) The reason why Toegye wants to forget all worldly affairs ๐Ÿ‚

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by ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐š๐๐’๐ข๐ซ๐ข๐ฎ๐ฌ_๐–๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐Ÿ‚ 2023. 4. 21. 16:12

๋ณธ๋ฌธ

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The reason why Toegye wants to forget all worldly affairs.

 

YouTube_The reason why Toegye wants to forget all worldly affairs

 

Toegye faces another crisis.

Truly, the fate of human beings is strange and unknowable.

In 1545(45 years old: the second year of Injong's reign·Myeongjong's enthronement year) Toegye's older brother Ongye argues for the ineligibility of Euijeong Lee Ki with the Daesaheon of the Saheonbu.

Daeyun Yoon Im demotes Lee Ki to a position as a Chief of Military.

When Myeongjong ascends to the throne, Lee Ki instigates an Eulsa sahwa with Yun Won-hyeong and other officials to remove Daeyun from power.

1548 (48 years old) A magistrate in Danyang and Punggi.

His second son from his first wife, Lee Chae (22 years old), dies from a heart attack.

In 1549 (49 years old) Younguijeong Lee Ki, who holds a deep grudge, oppresses everyone in the Sarim.

Toegye becomes ill and retreats from his position in Punggi, embarking on his third period of wandering.

In 1550 (50 years old: the fifth year of Myeongjong's reign), Ongye is imprisoned in the Office of Royal Authority (Uigeumbu) and subjected to cruel torture.

When his life is in danger, he is put in a palanquin and exiled to Mount Gabsan.

Ongye passes away in a humble cottage in Miaeri, Yangju.

 

Toegye builds Hansoam and forgets all worldly affairs, avoiding the factional struggles of wealth and power.

He devotes himself to eternal and fundamental self-cultivation through reading and contemplation, living simply with the companionship of nature.

1552 (52 years old) A Hongmun-gwan Instructor and a Dae-sa-seong at Sungkyunkwan.

1554 (54 years old) A Hyungjo-cham-ui and Byeongjo-cham-ui.

1558 (58 years old) A Gongjo-cham-pan.

 

32-year-old Gobong Ki Dae-seung, who has passed the highest-level state examination, meets Toegye Lee Hwang, a 58-year-old great scholar.

When Toegye revises the Cheonmyeongdo of Chuman Jeong Ji-un, Gobong opposes Toegye's interpretation and initiates the Four Sprouts and Seven Emotions debate.

Toegye does interpret that ‘Four Sprouts and Seven Emotions are different’, while Gobong argues that ‘Four Sprouts includes Seven Emotions’.

Toegye revises his interpretation to state that the Four Sprouts motivate a person when the principle rises and the vital forces follow, and the Seven Emotions motivate a person when the vital forces rise and take control.

Their spiritual exchange begins in December and continues for 13 years without any gaps in between.

Gobong and Toegye are praised for their courage in breaking conventions and upholding academic virtue, regardless of societal norms.

1559 (at the age of 59), A Dongji Chongchu Busa (-1567).

In 1568 (at the age of 68), Toegye dedicates ‘The Ten Diagrams On Sage Learning’ to King Seonjo (16 years old), urging him to lead the people on the right path and pursue politics based on self-improvement and governing others.

1569 (at the age of 69), A chief in charge of internal and personnel affairs.

In 1570 (at the age of 70), his grandson Changyang dies at the age of three.

Through the difficulties and crises that are hard to endure, Toegye awakens his true nature and goes up to heaven with insight into the origin of the universe and the human mind.

In 1575 (in the 8th year of King Seonjo's reign), the Sarim faction is divided into East and West factions.

This division is triggered by the Lee Jo Jung-rang issue and the impeachment of Heo Yeop, which markes the beginning of a three-hundred-year-long period of political strife.

The essence of Confucianism, which includes values such as humanity, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom, disappears like a dream, leaving only the politics of desire.

 

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ํ‡ด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์žŠ์œผ๋ ค ํ•œ ์ด์œ .

 

ํ‡ด๊ณ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‹ค์‹œ ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฅ์นœ๋‹ค.

 

์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์šด๋ช…์ด๋ž€ ์ฐธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์•Œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค.

 

1545(45์„ธ:์ธ์ข…2๋…„·๋ช…์ข…์ฆ‰์œ„๋…„)

 

ํ‡ด๊ณ„์˜ ํ˜• ์˜จ๊ณ„ๆบซๆบช ์ดํ•ดๆŽ็€ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌํ—Œ๋ถ€ ๋Œ€์‚ฌํ—Œ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์˜์ • ์ด๊ธฐๆŽ่Š‘์˜ ๋ถ€์ ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋…ผํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

๋Œ€์œค ์œค์ž„ๅฐนไปป์€ ์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘์กฐํŒ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋“ฑ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค

 

์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ช…์ข…์ด ์ฆ‰์œ„ํ•˜์ž ์†Œ์œค ์œค์›ํ˜•๊ณผ ์„์‚ฌ์‚ฌํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ ๋Œ€์œค์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

1548(48์„ธ) ๋‹จ์–‘๊ณผ ํ’๊ธฐ ๊ตฐ์ˆ˜.

 

์ฒซ๋ถ€์ธ์˜ ๋‘˜์งธ ์•„๋“ค ์ด์ฑ„(22์„ธ)๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๊ฒฝ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์žƒ๋Š”๋‹ค.

 

1549(49์„ธ) ์›ํ•œ์ด ๋ผˆ์— ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์นœ ์˜์˜์ • ์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ˆ™์ฒญํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

ํ‡ด๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ณ‘์„ ์–ป์–ด ํ’๊ธฐ๊ตฐ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ๋‹ค. 3์ฐจ ๋‚™ํ–ฅ์ด๋‹ค.

 

1550๋…„(50์„ธ:๋ช…์ข…5๋…„) ์˜จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์˜๊ธˆ๋ถ€็พฉ็ฆๅบœ์— ๊ตฌ๊ธˆ๋˜์–ด ์ฐธํ˜นํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฒช๋Š”๋‹ค.

 

์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์œ„ํƒœ๋กญ์ž ๊ฐ€๋งˆ์— ์‹ค์–ด ๊ฐ‘์‚ฐ็”ฒๅฑฑ ์œ ๋ฐฐ์ง€๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

 

์˜จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์–‘์ฃผๆฅŠๅทž ๋ฏธ์• ๋ฆฌๅฝŒๅด–้‡Œ์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ˆจ์ด ๋Š๊ธด๋‹ค.

 

ํ‡ด๊ณ„๋Š” ํ•œ์„œ์•”ๅฏ’ๆ –ๅบต์„ ์ง“๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์žŠ๋Š”๋‹ค.

 

๋ถ€๊ท€์˜ํ™”์™€ ์ •์Ÿ์˜ ๋‹นํŒŒ์‹ธ์›€์„ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

์˜ค์ง ๋…์„œ์™€ ์‚ฌ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ์˜์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๊ธฐไฟฎๅทฑ์— ํž˜์“ด๋‹ค.

 

์‚ฐ์šด์•ผํ•™ๅฑฑ้›ฒ้‡Ž้ถด์„ ๋ฒ—์‚ผ์•„ ์ฒญ์•„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค.

 

โ€‹1552(52์„ธ) ํ™๋ฌธ๊ด€๊ต๋ฆฌ์™€ ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ด€ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์„ฑ.

 

1554(54์„ธ) ํ˜•์กฐ์ฐธ์˜์™€ ๋ณ‘์กฐ์ฐธ์˜.

 

1558(58์„ธ) ๊ณต์กฐ์ฐธํŒ.

 

๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ธ‰์ œํ•œ 32์„ธ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ด‰ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์Šน์€ 58์„ธ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ž ํ‡ด๊ณ„ ์ดํ™ฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚œ๋‹ค.

 

ํ‡ด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๋งŒ ์ •์ง€์šด์˜ ์ฒœ๋ช…๋„ๅคฉๅ‘ฝๅœ–๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ •ํ•˜์ž ์‚ฌ๋‹จ์น ์ • ๋…ผ๋ณ€์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

‘์‚ฌ๋‹จ๊ณผ ์น ์ •์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค’๋Š” ํ‡ด๊ณ„์˜ ํ•ด์„์— ‘์‚ฌ๋‹จ์€ ์น ์ •์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค’๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ณ€์„ ๋‚ด๋†“๋Š”๋‹ค.

 

ํ‡ด๊ณ„๋Š” ‘์‚ฌ๋‹จ์€ ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ•ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ , ์น ์ •์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ•ด ์ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ ํƒ„๋‹ค’ ๊ฐœ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

12์›”์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์˜ํ˜ผ์˜ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๋Š” 13๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•œ ํ•ด๋„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

 

๊ณ ๋ด‰๊ณผ ํ‡ด๊ณ„๋Š” ์ธ์Šต์„ ๋–จ์นœ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ธ์Šต์— ๊ฐœ์˜์น˜ ์•Š์€ ํ•™๋•์œผ๋กœ ์นญ์†ก์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค.

 

1559(59์„ธ) ๋™์ง€์ถฉ์ถ”๋ถ€์‚ฌ(-1567).

 

1568(68์„ธ) ํ‡ด๊ณ„๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์™• ์„ ์กฐ(16์„ธ)์—๊ฒŒ ‘์„ฑํ•™์‹ญ๋„’๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”์นœ๋‹ค.

 

๋ฐฑ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ธธ๋กœ ์ธ๋„ํ•˜๋ผ ๊ฐ„์–ธํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

์ˆ˜๊ธฐ์น˜์ธไฟฎๅทฑๆฒปไบบ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ํŽผ์น  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

1569(69์„ธ) ์ด์กฐํŒ์„œ.

 

1570(70์„ธ) ์ฆ์†์ž ์ฐฝ์–‘ๆ˜Œ้™ฝ์ด 3์„ธ์— ์ˆจ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘”๋‹ค.

 

๊ฐ๋‚ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ณ ๋‚œ๊ณผ ์œ„๊ธฐ ์†์—์„œ ๋ณธ์„ฑๆœฌๆ€ง์„ ๊นจ์šฐ์นœ ํ‡ด๊ณ„๋Š” ํ•˜๋Š˜์— ์˜ค๋ฅธ๋‹ค.

 

์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ทผ์›๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ฌ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

1575๋…„(์„ ์กฐ 8๋…„) ์‚ฌ๋ฆผ์€ ๋™์„œ๋กœ ๋ถ„์—ด๋œ๋‹คไน™ไบฅ้ปจ่ซ–.

 

์ด์กฐ์ •๋ž‘ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ํ—ˆ์—ฝ ํƒ„ํ•ต์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๊ณ  3๋ฐฑ๋…„ ๋‹น์Ÿ์˜ ์„œ๋ง‰์„ ์—ฐ๋‹ค.

 

์œ ํ•™์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ ์ธ์˜์˜ˆ์ง€ไป็พฉ๏ฆถๆ™บ๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์†์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค.

 

์š•๋ง์˜ ํ†ต์น˜์ˆ ๋งŒ ๋‚จ๋Š”๋‹ค.

 

"ํ‡ด๊ณ„๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์ด๋ก  ์ „๊ฐœ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์ง„๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ํ•™์„ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ ์ ์ด ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ธ‰์ ์ด๋ฉด ์„ ์ฒ (ๅ…ˆๅ“ฒ)์˜ ํ•™์„ค๊ณผ ์ด๋ก ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ฆํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋…๋‹จ์„ ์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€์–ธ์ ์ธ ๋…ผ๋ฒ•, ์™„๊ณกํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„๊ณผ ์ž์ƒํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ํ”ผ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฒดํ—˜๊ณผ ์‹ค์ฒœ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์˜จ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์‹ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฐœ์„คํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ก ์„ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™์„ค๋กœ ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ฒœํ–ˆ๋‹ค."

 

<ํ‡ด๊ณ„์„ ์ƒ, ์ž์„ฑ๋ก>, ๋„๊ด‘์ •.

 

"ํ‡ด๊ณ„์™€ ๊ณ ๋ด‰์€ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ์„ฑ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€•์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋‹จ์น ์ •๊ณผ ์ด๊ธฐ(๏งคๆฐฃ)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ‡ด๊ณ„์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ์ถ”๋งŒ ์ •์ง€์šด์˜ '์ฒœ๋ช…๋„'๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ '์‚ฌ๋‹จ์€ ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์š”, ์น ์ •์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.' ๋งํ•œ ๋ฐ์— ์ž˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ‡ด๊ณ„์˜ ์ด ๋ง์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋‹จ์น ์ • ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณง ์‚ฌ๋‹จ์€ ์„ฑ์ด ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ์ •์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š˜๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ์ธ ์ด์™€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์น ์ •์€ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฟ์•„ ๋งˆ์Œ์†์— ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์ด๋‹ˆ, ๋ฐ”๊นฅ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ์‹ค์ฒด์ธ ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ‡ด๊ณ„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋‹จ๊ณผ ์น ์ •์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผ ๋†“๊ณ  ์ด์™€ ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ถ™์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ทธ ์—ฐ์›์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๋Ÿฌ๋†“๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ์ธ ์ด๊ฐ€ ์›€์ง์—ฌ ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ํ‡ด๊ณ„ ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ๋…์ž์„ฑ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ด‰์€ ์‚ฌ๋‹จ๊ณผ ์น ์ •์„ ์ด์™€ ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์น ์ •์€ ์ •์˜ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์„ ์•…์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ณต์กดํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋‹จ์€ ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด์–ด ์˜ค๋กฏ์ด ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์„ ์น ์ •์—์„œ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ๋–ผ์–ด ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋‹จ๊ณผ ์น ์ •์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผ ๋†“์œผ๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ๋‹จ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์˜ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์น ์ •์ด ์‚ฌ๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋™๊ธ‰์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ์น ์ •์„ ๊ธฐ์•  ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ถ™์ด๋ฉด ์ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์„ ์•…์ด ๊ณต์กดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ท ํ˜•์  ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด ๊นจ์–ด์ ธ ๊ธฐ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜์šฐ์น  ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์—ฐ์›์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ๋†“๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹ค์ฒด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์‹ค์ œ์™€ ๋งž๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค."

<ํ‡ด๊ณ„์™€ ๊ณ ๋ด‰, ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋‹ค>, ๊น€์˜๋‘ ่‘—.

 

1558(ๆˆŠๅˆ)๋…„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ธ‰์ œํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ด‰(ๅฃฌ่พฐ:1527-1572) ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์Šน(32์„ธ)์€ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์„ฑ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€๋‚ธ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ž ํ‡ด๊ณ„ ์ดํ™ฉ(58์„ธ)์„ ๋งŒ๋‚œ๋‹ค. ํ‡ด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๋งŒ ์ •์ง€์šด์˜ <์ฒœ๋ช…๋„(ๅคฉๅ‘ฝๅœ–)>๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ •ํ•˜์ž ๊ณ ๋ด‰์€ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์ƒ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋‹จ์น ์ • ๋…ผ๋ณ€์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ด‰์€ '์‚ฌ๋‹จ๊ณผ ์น ์ •์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค'๋Š” ํ‡ด๊ณ„์˜ ํ•ด์„์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋‹จ์€ ์น ์ • ์•ˆ์— ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ '์‚ฌ๋‹จ๊ณผ ์น ์ •์€ ๋™์‹ค์ด๋ช…(ๅŒๅฏฆ็•ฐๅ)์ด๋‹ค'๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฐ•์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ‡ด๊ณ„๋Š” '์‚ฌ๋‹จ์€ ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ•จ์— ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์น ์ •์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ•จ์— ์ด๊ฐ€ ํƒ„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ •์„ค์„ ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋‹ˆ, ์‚ฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ • '์ธก์€·์ˆ˜์˜ค·์‚ฌ์–‘·์‹œ๋น„์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ'์€ ๋ณธ๋ž˜ ์ˆœ์„ (็ด”ๅ–„)ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•…์ด ์—†๋‹ค. ์น ์ •์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ ํƒ€๋‹ˆ, ์ ˆ๋„์— ๋งž์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ์•…์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ณ€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ด‰์€ ์ธ์Šต์„ ๋–จ์นœ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์™€ ์žฌ์งˆ๋กœ ์ฐฌํƒ„์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ , ํ‡ด๊ณ„๋Š” ์ธ์Šต์— ๊ฐœ์˜์น˜ ์•Š์€ ํ•™๋•์œผ๋กœ ์นญ์†ก์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. 1558๋…„ 12์›” ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ํŽธ์ง€ ๊ตํ™˜์€ 13๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•œ ํ•ด๋„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†๋œ๋‹ค. ํ‡ด๊ณ„์™€ ๊ณ ๋ด‰, ์˜ํ˜ผ์˜ ๊ต๋ฅ˜์ด๋‹ค.

 

ํƒœ๊ทน(ๅคชๆฅต)๊ณผ ์Œ์–‘(้™ฐ้™ฝ)๊ณผ ์˜คํ–‰(ไบ”่กŒ)์ด ๋ฌ˜ํ•ฉํ•ด ๋งŒ๋ฌผ์ด ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์˜คํ–‰์˜ ๋นผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ธฐ์šด์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋นผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ธฐ์šด์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์˜ค์„ฑ(ไบ”ๆ€ง)์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜๋‹ค. ์˜คํ–‰๊ณผ ์˜ค์„ฑ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•œ๋‹ค(ไป•ๆœจ,็พฉ•๏คŠ,๏ฆถ•็ซ,ๆ™บ•ๆฐด,ไฟก•ๅœŸ). ์ด(๏งค)๋Š” ์˜ค์„ฑ์ด๊ณ  ๊ธฐ(ๆฐฃ)๋Š” ์˜คํ–‰์ด๋‹ค. ์ด(๏งค)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ(ๆฐฃ)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ธฐ(ๆฐฃ)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ด(๏งค)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค์„ฑ์ด ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์น ์ •(ไธƒๆƒ…:ๅ–œๆ€’ๅ“€๏ฅœๆ„›๏ฆนๆฌฒ)์ด ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค.

 

ํ‡ด๊ณ„๋Š” '์ด(็†) ์šฐ์œ„๋ก '์— ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์„ ๋‘” '์ฃผ๋ฆฌ์ (ไธป็†็š„) ์ด๊ธฐ ์ด์›๋ก '์„ ํˆฌ์ฒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋‹จ ์ด(๏งค)๊ฐ€ ์›€์ง์—ฌ ๊ธฐ(ๆฐฃ)๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜จ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฐœ๊ธฐ์Šน(๏งค็™ผๆฐฃไน˜)์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ง์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ธธ๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ด‰๊ณผ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ณ€ํ›„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐœ์ด์Šน(ๆฐฃ็™ผ๏งคไน˜)์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์น ์ • ๊ธฐ(ๆฐฃ)๊ฐ€ ์›€์ง์—ฌ ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋ง์ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋Œ€๋กœ ๋งก๊ฒจ๋‘”๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋‹จ์ด ์น ์ •์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์–ด์•ผ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค(ๆ•ฌ). ๊ธฐ(ๆฐฃ)๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด(๏งค)๋ฅผ ๋” ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ท€๊ธฐ์ฒœ(๏งค่ฒดๆฐฃ่ณค)์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ธฐ๋ถˆ์ƒ์žก(๏งคๆฐฃ๏ฅง็›ธ้›œ)์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ด‰์€ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ก ์  ์ด๊ธฐ์ผ์›๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ฑ์ •์€ ๊ธฐ(ๆฐฃ)์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด(๏งค)๋Š” ๊ธฐ์— ํŽธ์Šนํ•  ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ฐœ์ด์Šน์ผ๋„(ๆฐฃ็™ผ๏งคไน˜ไธ€้€”)๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตญํ•œ๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋งŒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ดํ†ต๊ธฐ๊ตญ(๏งค้€šๆฐฃๅฑ€)์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜•์ด์ƒํ•™์  ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ธ ๊ธฐ(ๆฐฃ)์™€ ์ธ์˜์˜ˆ์ง€ ์ด๋ฐ์•„ ์ด(๏งค)๊ฐ€ ๋ฌ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋™ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„œ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ด๊ธฐ๋ถˆ์ƒ๋ฆฌ(๏งคๆฐฃ๏ฅง็›ธ้›ข)๋‹ค. ํ‡ด๊ณ„์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฆฌ๋ก ์  ์ด๊ธฐ์ด์›๋ก ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋ด‰์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ก ์  ์ด๊ธฐ์ผ์›๋ก ์€ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ฐธ๋‚˜์—์„œ ์ด(๏งค)์™€ ๊ธฐ(ๆฐฃ)์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋†“๊ณ  ๋ฒŒ์ธ ๋…ผ๋ณ€์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ฐจ์› ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ฒด(ๆœฌๆ€ง)์˜ ์ด๋ฐœ๊ธฐ์Šน(๏งค็™ผๆฐฃไน˜)๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐœ์ด์Šน(ๆฐฃ็™ผ๏งคไน˜) ๋…ผ์Ÿ์€ ์—๊ณ ์˜ ์ œ์–ด์ธ '๊ฒฝ(ๆ•ฌ)'์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์น˜(ๅˆ่‡ด)๋œ๋‹ค.

 

'๊ฒฝ(ๆ•ฌ)'์€ ์ฒด(้ซ”)์™€ ์šฉ(็”จ)์ด ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒด(้ซ”)๋Š” ์„ฑ(ๆ€ง)์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์šฉ(็”จ)์€ ์น ์ •(ไธƒๆƒ…)์„ ๋‹จ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋ฐœ(ๆœช็™ผ)์˜ ์„ฑ(ๆ€ง)์ธ ์ฒด(้ซ”)๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฐœ(ๅทฒ็™ผ)์˜ ์„ฑ(ๆ€ง)์ธ ์šฉ(็”จ)์„ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋ฐœ์ธ ๋•Œ์— ์กด์–‘(ๅญ˜้คŠ)์˜ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฐœ์ธ ๋•Œ์— ์„ฑ์ฐฐ(็œๅฏŸ)์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ(ๆ€ง)๊ณผ ์น ์ •(ไธƒๆƒ…)์„ ํ†ต์„ญ(็ตฑๆ”)ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด ์ธ(ไป)ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๋ฐ”ํƒ• ์ค‘(ไธญ)์„ ์žก๋Š” ์ค‘์šฉ(ไธญๅบธ)์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋Š˜ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ธธ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ๊ฐ€(ๅ„’ๅฎถ)๋Š” ํ›„์‹ (ๅŽš่บซ)๊ณผ ๊ธˆ์ด‰(็ฆ่งธ)์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ์„ฑ(ๆœฌๆ€ง)์„ ์žก๋Š”๋‹ค. ์„ ๊ฐ€(ไป™ๅฎถ)๋Š” ์ฒญ๊ธฐ(ๆทธๆฐฃ)์™€ ์กฐ์‹(่ชฟๆฏ)์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€ํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€(ไฝ›ๅฎถ)๋Š” ์„ ์‹ฌ(ๅ–„ๅฟƒ)๊ณผ ์ง€๊ฐ(ๆญขๆ„Ÿ)์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณต(็ฉบ)ํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

์ด(๏งค)์™€ ๊ธฐ(ๆฐฃ)๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋งŒ๋ฌผ์€ ์Œ์–‘์˜คํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ํ™”์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์Œ์–‘์˜คํ–‰์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋งŒ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ชจ์ด๊ณ  ํฉ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด(๏งค)๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ณธ์ฒด์ธ ๊ณต(็ฉบ)์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ์ƒ๋ถˆ๋ฉธ์˜ ์ž์กด์ž์ธ ๊ณต(็ฉบ)์ด ๊ณต์—…(ๅ…ฑๆฅญ)๊ณผ ์–ด์šฐ๋Ÿฌ์ ธ ์ด(๏งค)์™€ ๊ธฐ(ๆฐฃ)๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋™์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋น…๋ฑ…์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉฐ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋งŒ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ณธ์ฒด ๊ณต(็ฉบ) ์•ˆ์— ์ด๊ธฐ(๏งคๆฐฃ)๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋งŒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์”จ์ข…์ž ์งˆ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ํ˜„์ƒ๊ณ„์— ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณธ์ฒด์ธ ์˜ํ˜ผ์ฒด ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ณด์กด๋˜๊ณ  ์ž๋ž€๋‹ค(็•ฐ็†Ÿ). ์„ฑ์ฃผ๊ดด๊ณต(ๆˆไฝๅฃž็ฉบ)์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

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