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(Eng) Maximus threatens the emperor's neck ๐Ÿ‚

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Maximus threatens the emperor's neck

Maximus threatens the emperor's neck.

https://youtu.be/tarO0OL-_cE

 

Gladiator is set during the reigns of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius and his son Commodus.

 

The war hero Maximus (played by Russell Crowe), a fictional character, becomes a slave gladiator under the tyrannical rule of Commodus (played by Joaquin Phoenix).

 

Rome's Third Period (B.C.31-A.D.329), the Age of Five Emperors.

 

Nerva (reign 96-98).

Intellectual ability (70), persuasive power (60), physical endurance (70), self-control (80), and willpower (85).

Trajan (reign 98-117).

Intellectual ability (80), persuasive power (68), physical endurance (100), self-control (100), and willpower (100).

Hadrian (reign 117-138).

Intellectual ability (100), persuasive power (80), physical endurance (100), self-control (100), and willpower (100).

Antoninus Pius (reign 138-161).

Intellectual ability (75), persuasive power (90), physical endurance (70), self-control (100), and willpower (85).

 

The peaceful era of the five good emperors in Rome is coming to an end.

 

Marcus Aurelius (reign 161-180).

Intellectual ability (85), persuasive power (70), physical endurance (60), self-control (100), and willpower (100).

 

In 161, Marcus Aurelius becomes the emperor at the age of 41.

 

In 166 (at age 46), he wages war against Parthia and sends envoys to Han Dynasty China.

 

The ‘Anton’ mentioned in the <History of the Later Han> is Marcus Aurelius.

 

In 168 (at age 48), he enters into war with Germania.

 

In 172 (at age 52), the full-scale war with Germania (First Germanic War) begins.

 

In 175 (at age 55), he suppresses the rebellion of governor Cassius in Syria.

 

‘The Meditations’ is a book written by Marcus Aurelius during his spare time on the battlefield.

 

He is a master of Stoic philosophy.

 

“I will fulfill the given tasks with love, freedom, and a sense of justice as a Roman. All of my actions will be as if they were my last.”

 

In 177 (at age 57), he co-rules with his son and heir, Commodus (aged 18).

 

In 178, the Second Germanic War.

 

In 180, he achieves a great victory at the Battle of Danube (or Donau) River.

 

The Danube River (2850km) is a watershed that originates in southern Germany and flows into the Black Sea.

 

Along this river, Eastern culture spreads to central Europe.

 

The movie ‘Gladiator’ portrays Marcus Aurelius being killed by his son Commodus, who is consumed by jealousy and anger.

 

In 180, Marcus Aurelius dies of an illness at the age of 60 at the military base of Vindobona (Vienna) on the banks of the Danube River.

 

Maximus, who has lost his family, becomes a gladiator.

 

In 180, at the age of 20, Commodus becomes emperor.

 

He becomes engulfed in violent authoritarianism and reckless idolization.

 

In 182, his sister Lucilla (played by Connie Nielsen) attempts to assassinate him

in a conspiracy with the Senate but fails.

 

A considerable number of members of the council of elders are driven out by the

enemy.

 

Upon returning to Rome, Maximus threatens the emperor's neck.

 

Ridley Scott's direction portrays a journey of human ambition and revenge.

 

In 192, Commodus is strangled to death by a wrestler hired by his own officials at the age of 32.

 

The Military Anarchy begins, starting a period of instability.

 

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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์•ผ์š•๊ณผ ๋ณต์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค_๊ธ€๋ž˜๋””์—์ดํ„ฐGladiator(2000๋…„, ๋ฆฌ๋“ค๋ฆฌ ์Šค์ฝง).

 

๊ธ€๋ž˜๋””์—์ดํ„ฐGladiator๋Š” ๋กœ๋งˆ ์ œ3๊ธฐ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ฅด์ฟ ์Šค ์•„์šฐ๋ ๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค์™€ ์ฝค๋ชจ๋‘์Šค ํ™ฉ์ œ์˜ ํ†ต์น˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด๋‹ค.

 

์ „์Ÿ์˜์›… ๋ง‰์‹œ๋ฌด์Šค(๋Ÿฌ์…€ ํฌ๋กœ์šฐ)๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋กœ ํญ๊ตฐ ์ฝค๋ชจ๋‘์Šค(ํ˜ธ์•„ํ‚จ ํ”ผ๋‹‰์Šค)์˜ ์•ผ์š•์— ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ๊ฒ€ํˆฌ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ „๋ฝํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

๋กœ๋งˆ ์ œ3๊ธฐ(B.C31-A.D.329), โ€‹5ํ˜„์ œ ์‹œ๋Œ€.

 

1. ๋„ค๋ฅด๋ฐ”(์žฌ์œ„ 96-98).

 

์ง€์ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ(70), ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ(60), ์œก์ฒด๋‚ด๊ตฌ๋ ฅ(70), ์ž๊ธฐ์ œ์–ด๋ ฅ(80), ์˜์ง€๋ ฅ(85).

 

โ€‹2. ํŠธ๋ผ์•ผ๋ˆ„์Šค(์žฌ์œ„ 98-117).

 

โ€‹์ง€์ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ(80), ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ(68), ์œก์ฒด๋‚ด๊ตฌ๋ ฅ(100), ์ž๊ธฐ์ œ์–ด๋ ฅ(100), ์˜์ง€๋ ฅ(100).

 

โ€‹3. ํ•˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ˆ„์Šค(์žฌ์œ„ 117-138).

 

โ€‹์ง€์ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ(100), ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ(80), ์œก์ฒด๋‚ด๊ตฌ๋ ฅ(100), ์ž๊ธฐ์ œ์–ด๋ ฅ(100), ์˜์ง€๋ ฅ(100).

 

4. ์•ˆํ† ๋‹ˆ์šฐ์Šค ํ”ผ์šฐ์Šค(์žฌ์œ„ 138-161).

 

โ€‹์ง€์ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ(75), ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ(90), ์œก์ฒด๋‚ด๊ตฌ๋ ฅ(70), ์ž๊ธฐ์ œ์–ด๋ ฅ(100), ์˜์ง€๋ ฅ(85).

 

ํ‰ํ™”๋กœ์šด 5ํ˜„์ œ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ง‰๋ฐ”์ง€์— ์ด๋ฅธ๋‹ค.

 

๋งˆ๋ฅด์ฟ ์Šค ์•„์šฐ๋ ๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค(์žฌ์œ„ 161-180).

 

์ง€์ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ(85), ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ(70), ์œก์ฒด๋‚ด๊ตฌ๋ ฅ(60), ์ž๊ธฐ์ œ์–ด๋ ฅ(100), ์˜์ง€๋ ฅ(100).

 

โ€‹161๋…„, 41์„ธ์— ํ™ฉ์ œ์— ์˜ค๋ฅธ๋‹ค.

 

166๋…„(46์„ธ), ํŒŒ๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์•„์™€ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ค‘๊ตญ ํ›„ํ•œ์— ์‚ฌ์‹ ์„ ํŒŒ๊ฒฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

<ํ›„ํ•œ์„œ>์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” '์•ˆ๋ˆๅฎ‰ๆ•ฆ'์ด ๋งˆ๋ฅด์ฟ ์Šค ์•„์šฐ๋ ๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค์ด๋‹ค.

 

168๋…„(48์„ธ), ๊ฒŒ๋ฅด๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์•„์™€ ์ „์Ÿ์— ๋Œ์ž…ํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

172๋…„(52์„ธ), ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๊ฒŒ๋ฅด๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์•„์™€์˜ ์ „์Ÿ(1์ฐจ ๊ฒŒ๋ฅด๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ „์Ÿ)์ด๋‹ค.

 

175๋…„(55์„ธ), ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ด๋… ์นด์‹œ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ž€์„ ์ œ์••ํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

<๋ช…์ƒ๋ก>์€ ์ „์Ÿํ„ฐ์—์„œ ํ‹ˆํ‹ˆ์ด ์“ด ์ฑ…์ด๋‹ค

 

๋งˆ๋ฅด์ฟ ์Šค ์•„์šฐ๋ ๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค๋Š” ์Šคํ† ์•„Stoa(Confucianism) ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€์ด๋‹ค.

 

"๋‚˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋งˆ์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๊ณผ ์ž์œ , ์ •์˜๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ผ์„ ์™„์ˆ˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

 

์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ–‰๋™์€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‚ ์ธ ๋“ฏ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ.”

 

177๋…„(57์„ธ), ํ›„๊ณ„์ž์ธ ์นœ์•„๋“ค ์ฝค๋ชจ๋‘์Šค(18์„ธ)์™€ ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

178๋…„(58์„ธ), 2์ฐจ ๊ฒŒ๋ฅด๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ „์Ÿ์ด๋‹ค.

 

 

180๋…„, ๋‹ค๋‰ด๋ธŒ(๋„๋‚˜์šฐ) ๊ฐ•๊ฐ€์˜ ์ „ํˆฌ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์Šนํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

๋‹ค๋‰ด๋ธŒ ๊ฐ•(2850km)์€ ๋…์ผ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์›ํ•ด ํ‘ํ•ด๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ณก์ฐฝ์ง€๋Œ€์ด๋‹ค.

 

์ด ๊ฐ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์–‘์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋ถ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ์ „ํŒŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

 

์˜ํ™” ๊ธ€๋ž˜๋””์—์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฅด์ฟ ์Šค ์•„์šฐ๋ ๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ง‰์‹œ๋ฌด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์• ํ•˜์ž ์•„๋“ค ์ฝค๋ชจ๋‘์Šค๊ฐ€ ์งˆํˆฌ์™€ ๋ถ„๋…ธ๋กœ ํ™ฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํ•ดํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค.

 

180๋…„, ๋‹ค๋‰ด๋ธŒ(๋„๋‚˜์šฐ) ๊ฐ•๋ณ€์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ง€ ๋นˆ๋„๋ณด๋‚˜(๋นˆ)์—์„œ 60์„ธ์— ๋ณ‘์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์žƒ์€ ๋ง‰์‹œ๋ฌด์Šค๋Š” ๊ฒ€ํˆฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.

 

180๋…„, ์ฝค๋ชจ๋‘์Šค๋Š” 20์„ธ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋กœ ํ™ฉ์ œ์— ์ฆ‰์œ„ํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

ํญ๋ ฅ์  ์ „์ œ์ •์น˜์™€ ๋ฌด๋ชจํ•œ ์šฐ์ƒํ™”์— ๋น ์ ธ๋“ ๋‹ค.

 

182๋…„(22์„ธ), ๋ˆ„์ด ๋ฃจ์‹ค๋ผ(์ฝ”๋‹ˆ ๋‹์Šจ)๋Š” ์›๋กœ์›๊ณผ ๊ณต๋ชจํ•ด ์•”์‚ด์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์‹คํŒจํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

์ƒ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์˜ ์›๋กœ์› ์˜์›๋“ค์ด ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ชฐ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.

 

โ€‹๋กœ๋งˆ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜จ ๋ง‰์‹œ๋ฌด์Šค๋Š” ํ™ฉ์ œ์˜ ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ฒจ๋ˆˆ๋‹ค.

 

๋ฆฌ๋“ค๋ฆฌ ์Šค์ฝง ๊ฐ๋…์€ ์„œ์‚ฌ์  ํ”ผ์˜ ์—ฌ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์•ผ์š•๊ณผ ๋ณต์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.

 

192๋…„, ์ฝค๋ชจ๋‘์Šค๋Š” 32์„ธ์— ๊ณ ๋ฌธ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ ˆ์Šฌ๋ง ์„ ์ˆ˜์— ๋ชฉ์กธ๋ ค ํ”ผ์‚ด๋œ๋‹ค.

 

๊ตฐ์ธ ํ™ฉ์ œ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.

 

์ •์ฒด๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด๋‹ค.

 

 

ํ•œ๋‹ˆ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์นด(B.C.247-B.C.183), ์ „๋žต์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ๐Ÿฆ…

 

๋กœ๋งˆ ์ œ1๊ธฐ(B.C.751-B.C.390).

 

๋กœ๋งˆ ์ œ2๊ธฐ(B.C.391-B.C.30).

 

์ œ2์ฐจ ํฌ์—๋‹ˆ ์ „์Ÿ(B.C.218-B.C.202).

 

๋กœ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ฐ˜๋„์˜ ์ž์›์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ, ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ๋กœ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์ด๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ ํ•œ๋‹ˆ๋ฐœ์€ ์‹ธ์›€ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ฐ˜๋„๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์„œ ๋กœ๋งˆ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์›์„ ์ œํ•œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

B.C.218(28์„ธ), ํ”ผ๋ ˆ๋„ค์™€ ๋ก ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ํ•œ๊ฒจ์šธ์˜ ์•Œํ”„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋‹ค.

 

์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ถ๋ถ€, ํ‹ฐํ‚ค๋ˆ„์Šค ์ „ํˆฌ ์Šน๋ฆฌ(๋กœ๋งˆ ์ง‘์ •๊ด€ ์Šคํ‚คํ”ผ์˜ค).

 

์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ค‘๋ถ€, ๋Šช์ง€๋Œ€ ๊ด€ํ†ต ๊ธฐ์Šต์ „๋žต(ํ•œ์ชฝ ๋ˆˆ ์‹œ๋ ฅ ์ƒ์‹ค).

 

์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ค‘๋ถ€, ํŠธ๋ผ์‹œ๋ฉ”๋ˆ„์Šค ์ „ํˆฌ ์Šน๋ฆฌ(๋กœ๋งˆ ์ง‘์ •๊ด€ ํ”Œ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์šฐ์Šค).

 

B.C.221. ์ง„์‹œํ™ฉ(-B.C.210).

 

B.C.218. ์žฅ๋Ÿ‰, ์‹œํ™ฉ์ œ ์•”์‚ด ์‹คํŒจ.

 

B.C.216(30์„ธ), ์นธ๋‚˜์— ์ „ํˆฌ.

 

์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋‚จ๋ถ€, ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ๋ ˆํƒ€์—์„œ 10km ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์˜คํŒํ†  ๊ฐ•๋ณ€Aufidus River์˜ ์นธ๋‚˜์— ํ‰์›.

 

๋กœ๋งˆ, ํƒ€๋ Œํ‹ฐ์šฐ์Šค ๋ฐ”๋กœ(์ง‘์ •๊ด€, ํ†ต๋ น).

 

์ค‘๋ฌด์žฅ ๋ณด๋ณ‘(65,000๋ช…), ๊ฒฝ๋ฌด์žฅ ๋ณด๋ณ‘(15,000๋ช…), ๊ธฐ๋ณ‘(6,000๋ช…).

 

์นด๋ฅดํƒ€๊ณ , ํ•œ๋‹ˆ๋ฐœ.

 

์ค‘๋ฌด์žฅ ๋ณด๋ณ‘(30,000๋ช…), ๊ฒฝ๋ฌด์žฅ ๋ณด๋ณ‘(10,000๋ช…), ๊ธฐ๋ณ‘(10,000๋ช…).

 

ํƒ€๋ Œํ‹ฐ์šฐ์Šค ๋ฐ”๋กœ, ์••๋„์  ์ „๋ ฅ์šฐ์œ„(8๋งŒ์˜ ๋ณด๋ณ‘๊ณผ 6์ฒœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณ‘) ์†์— ์นด๋ฅดํƒ€๊ณ  ์ค‘์•™ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ.

 

ํ•œ๋‹ˆ๋ฐœ, ์–‘์ต ํฌ์œ„Double Envelopment ์ „ํ˜• ์ „๋žต.

 

1. ์นด๋ฅดํƒ€๊ณ  ์ค‘์•™ ์ค‘๋ฌด์žฅ ๋ณด๋ณ‘(์ด๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ), ํ›„ํ‡ด.

 

2. ์นด๋ฅดํƒ€๊ณ  ์–‘๊ทน๋ฉด ์ตœ์ •์˜ˆ ๊ธฐ๋ณ‘(๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ๊ณผ ๋ˆ„๋ฏธ๋””์•„์ธ), ์ธก๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์Šต ๊ณต๊ฒฉ.

 

3. ์นด๋ฅดํƒ€๊ณ  ์–‘์ธก๋ฉด ์ตœ์ •์˜ˆ ์ค‘๋ฌด์žฅ ๋ณด๋ณ‘(์นด๋ฅดํƒ€๊ณ ์ธ), ์ธก๋ฉด ํฌ์œ„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ.

 

4. ๋กœ๋งˆ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋Œ€ํ˜•(12×10 ํ˜•ํƒœ 3๊ฐœ ์ „์—ด:๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์˜จ ์ „๋ฒ•), ๊ธฐ๋™์„ฑ ์ƒ์‹ค.

 

5. ์นด๋ฅดํƒ€๊ณ  ์–‘๊ทน๋ฉด ์ตœ์ •์˜ˆ ๊ธฐ๋ณ‘(๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ๊ณผ ๋ˆ„๋ฏธ๋””์•„์ธ), ํ›„๋ฉด ํฌ์œ„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ.

 

๋กœ๋งˆ, 50,000๋ช… ์‚ฌ๋ง(80๋ช…์˜ ์›๋กœ์› ์˜์› ์ „์‚ฌ-์ „์ฒด ์›๋กœ์›์˜ 1/3).

 

์นด๋ฅดํƒ€๊ณ , 6,000๋ช… ์‚ฌ๋ง.

 

ํŒŒ๋น„์šฐ์Šค ๋ง‰์‹œ๋ฌด์Šค์˜ ํŒŒ๋น„์šฐ์Šค ์ „์ˆ (Pabian tactic:์ง€์—ฐ์ „์ˆ ). ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์†์‹ค์—๋„ ๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํ•œ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ €๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋กœ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์„ฑ.

 

ํ•œ๋‹ˆ๋ฐœ์€ ์ธ์ข…๊ณผ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šฉ๋ณ‘๋“ค์„ ์†”์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฒ”์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ๊ณผ ์—„์ •ํ•œ ๊ตฐ๊ธฐ, ๋†’์€ ์ธ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ž€๋„ ์—†์ด ์ผ์‚ฌ๋ถˆ๋ž€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Œ๋ฉฐ ๋กœ๋งˆ๊ตฐ์„ ํฌ์œ„ ์„ฌ๋ฉธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋“ค๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹ธ์›€ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ง๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์‚ดํ”ผ๊ณ  ๋กœ๋งˆ ์žฅ์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ์‹œ์‹ ๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž˜ ๊ฐ„์ˆ˜ํ•ด์„œ ๋„˜๊ฒจ์ค€๋‹ค.

 

B.C.210. ์ง„์‹œํ™ฉ ์‚ฌ๋ง.

 

B.C.207. ๊ฑฐ๋ก์ „ํˆฌ(ํ•ญ์šฐ ์Šน).

 

B.C.205. ํ•œ์ดˆํ•ญ์Ÿ ์‹œ์ž‘(์œ ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ํ•ญ์šฐ). ํŒฝ์„ฑ์ „ํˆฌ(ํ•ญ์šฐ ์Šน).

 

B.C.204. ์ •ํ˜•์ „ํˆฌ(์œ ๋ฐฉ ์Šน). ๋ฒ”์ฆ ์‚ฌ๋ง.

 

B.C.203. ํŒŒ๋น„์šฐ์Šค ๋ง‰์‹œ๋ฌด์Šค ์‚ฌ๋ง.

 

B.C.202(44์„ธ), ์ž๋งˆ ์ „ํˆฌ(์Šคํ‚คํ”ผ์˜ค ์Šน). ํ•ดํ•˜์ „ํˆฌ(์œ ๋ฐฉ ์Šน). ํ•ญ์šฐ์™€ ์šฐํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ง. ์œ ๋ฐฉ, ํ•œ๊ณ ์กฐ.

 

B.C.196. ํ•œ์‹  ์‚ฌ๋ง.

 

B.C.195. ํ•œ๊ณ ์กฐ(์œ ๋ฐฉ) ์‚ฌ๋ง.

 

B.C.194. ์œ„๋งŒ, ๊ณ ์กฐ์„  ๋ฉธ๋ง์‹œํ‚ด.

 

B.C.193. ์†Œํ•˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง.

 

B.C.189. ์žฅ๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฌ๋ง.

 

B.C.184. ์Šคํ‚คํ”ผ์˜ค ์‚ฌ๋ง.

 

B.C.183(63์„ธ), ํ•œ๋‹ˆ๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ๋ง(์ž๊ฒฐ).

 

B.C.180. ์—ฌํƒœํ›„ ์‚ฌ๋ง.

 

 
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